Thousands of Palestinians are streaming onto Gaza’s only highway as they try to flee the combat zone in the north, after Israel announced a window for safe passage.
It comes as Israeli forces struck near several hospitals in Gaza City as the military pushes further into dense urban neighbourhoods.
Parents carried children in their arms while others brought what possessions they could in animal-drawn carts in a line stretching as far as the eye could see.
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The accelerating exodus to the south came as Israel agreed to start implementing a four-hour humanitarian pause each day and to open a second route for people to flee the north, the White House said.
Those fleeing to the south face the prospect of ongoing airstrikes there, and dire humanitarian conditions.
More and more people have been living in and around Shifa Hospital – the largest hospital in Gaza – in the hope that it will be safer than their homes or United Nations shelters in the north, several of which have been hit repeatedly.
Early on Friday, Israel struck the hospital’s courtyard and obstetrics department, according to the head of the Hamas-run media office in Gaza, Salama Maarouf.
The Health Ministry in Gaza later said one person had been killed at Shifa Hospital and several others wounded.
Israel has accused Hamas fighters of hiding in hospitals and using the Shifa Hospital complex as its main command centre, which the militant group and hospital staff deny, saying Israel is creating a pretext to strike it.